Mazmur 78:43-51

78:43 when he performed his awesome deeds ¹  in Egypt,

and his acts of judgment ²  in the region of Zoan.

78:44 He turned their rivers into blood,

and they could not drink from their streams.

78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, ³ 

as well as frogs that overran their land. ⁴ 

78:46 He gave their crops to the grasshopper,

the fruit of their labor to the locust.

78:47 He destroyed their vines with hail,

and their sycamore-fig trees with driving rain.

78:48 He rained hail down on their cattle, ⁵ 

and hurled lightning bolts down on their livestock. ⁶ 

78:49 His raging anger lashed out against them, ⁷ 

He sent fury, rage, and trouble

as messengers who bring disaster. ⁸ 

78:50 He sent his anger in full force; ⁹ 

he did not spare them from death;

he handed their lives over to destruction. ¹⁰ 

78:51 He struck down all the firstborn in Egypt,

the firstfruits of their reproductive power ¹¹  in the tents of Ham.

Mazmur 105:27-36

105:27 They executed his miraculous signs among them, ¹² 

and his amazing deeds in the land of Ham.

105:28 He made it dark; ¹³ 

they did not disobey his orders. ¹⁴ 

105:29 He turned their water into blood,

and killed their fish.

105:30 Their land was overrun by frogs,

which even got into the rooms of their kings.

105:31 He ordered flies to come; ¹⁵ 

gnats invaded their whole territory.

105:32 He sent hail along with the rain; ¹⁶ 

there was lightning in their land. ¹⁷ 

105:33 He destroyed their vines and fig trees,

and broke the trees throughout their territory.

105:34 He ordered locusts to come, ¹⁸ 

innumerable grasshoppers.

105:35 They ate all the vegetation in their land,

and devoured the crops of their fields. ¹⁹ 

105:36 He struck down all the firstborn in their land,

the firstfruits of their reproductive power. ²⁰ 

[78:43]  ¹ tn Or “signs” (see Ps 65:8).

[78:43]  ² tn Or “portents, omens” (see Ps 71:7). The Egyptian plagues are referred to here (see vv. 44-51).

[78:45]  ³ tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”

[78:45]  ⁴ tn Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”

[78:48]  ⁵ tn Heb “and he turned over to the hail their cattle.”

[78:48]  ⁶ tn Heb “and their livestock to the flames.” “Flames” here refer to the lightning bolts that accompanied the storm.

[78:49]  ⁷ tn Heb “he sent against them the rage of his anger.” The phrase “rage of his anger” employs an appositional genitive. Synonyms are joined in a construct relationship to emphasize the single idea. For a detailed discussion of the grammatical point with numerous examples, see Y. Avishur, “Pairs of Synonymous Words in the Construct State (and in Appositional Hendiadys) in Biblical Hebrew,” Semitics 2 (1971): 17-81.

[78:49]  ⁸ tn Heb “fury and indignation and trouble, a sending of messengers of disaster.”

[78:50]  ⁹ tn Heb “he leveled a path for his anger.” There were no obstacles to impede its progress; it moved swiftly and destructively.

[78:50]  ¹⁰ tn Or perhaps “[the] plague.”

[78:51]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the beginning of strength.” If retained, the plural form אוֹנִים (’onim, “strength”) probably indicates degree (“great strength”), but many ancient witnesses read “their strength,” which presupposes an emendation to אֹנָם (’onam; singular form of the noun with third masculine plural pronominal suffix).

[105:27]  ¹² tn Apparently the pronoun refers to “his servants” (i.e., the Israelites, see v. 25).

[105:28]  ¹³ tn Heb “he sent darkness and made it dark.”

[105:28]  sn He made it dark. The psalmist begins with the ninth plague (see Exod 10:21-29).

[105:28]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “they did not rebel against his words.” Apparently this refers to Moses and Aaron, who obediently carried out God’s orders.

[105:31]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “he spoke and flies came.”

[105:32]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “he gave their rains hail.”

[105:32]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “fire of flames [was] in their land.”

[105:34]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “he spoke and locusts came.”

[105:35]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “the fruit of their ground.”

[105:36]  ²⁰ tn Heb “the beginning of all their strength,” that is, reproductive power (see Ps 78:51).

[105:36]  sn Verses 28-36 recall the plagues in a different order than the one presented in Exodus: v. 28 (plague 9), v. 29 (plague 1), v. 30 (plague 2), v. 31a (plague 4), v. 31b (plague 3), vv. 32-33 (plague 7), vv. 34-35 (plague 8), v. 36 (plague 10). No reference is made in Ps 105 to plagues 5 and 6.